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Airborne Infection Control [AIC]
Learning ObjectivesAirborne Infection Control [AIC]
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Mycobacterium tuberculosis is transmitted in airborne particles called droplet nuclei that are expelled when a person with pulmonary TB coughs, sneezes, shouts, or sings. People nearby may breathe in these bacteria and become infected.
Airborne infection control is essential to prevent the spread of TB within a health facility and other settings.
Hierarchy of Controls to Reduce Risk of Transmission of TB (see the Figure)
Figure: Hierarchy of controls to reduce risk of transmission of TB
Environmental factors that influence transmission of M. tuberculosis are elaborated in the table below.
| Factor | Description |
| Concentration of infectious bacilli | The more bacilli in the air, the more probable that M. tuberculosis will be transmitted |
| Space | Exposure in small, enclosed spaces |
| Ventilation | Inadequate local or general ventilation that results in insufficient dilution or removal of infectious droplet nuclei |
| Air circulation | Recirculation of air containing infectious droplet nuclei |
| Specimen handling | Improper specimen handling procedures that generate infectious droplet nuclei |
| Air pressure | Positive air pressure in an infectious patient's room that causes M. tuberculosis organisms to flow to other areas |
Resources
- Guidelines on Airborne Infection Control in Healthcare and Other Settings.
- Tuberculosis Infection Control.
| Question | Answer 1 | Answer 2 | Answer 3 | All | Correct answer | Correct explanation | Page id | Part of Pre-test | Part of Post-test |
| The hierarchy of controls to reduce the risk of transmission of TB includes which of the following? | Environmental controls | Administrative controls | Personal protective equipment | All of the above | 4 | The hierarchy of controls to reduce the risk of transmission of TB includes administrative controls, environmental controls and the use of personal protective equipment. |
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